Checking for Disk I/O Bottlenecks

Disk I/O (Input/Output) bottlenecks occur when applications are trying to read or write data faster than your disk can handle. While our NVMe drives are incredibly fast, high-demand applications can still cause issues.

Using `iotop`

The `iotop` command shows you disk usage by process, much like `top` does for CPU.

# Install iotop if you don't have it
sudo apt install iotop -y

# Run iotop
sudo iotop

Look for processes with high `IO%` or `DISK WRITE` / `DISK READ` values. Common culprits are database servers, backup processes, or applications writing large amounts of logs.